Biology
Eukaryotic Cell vs. Prokaryotic Cell
The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.
Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution.
Comparison chart
| Eukaryotic Cell | Prokaryotic Cell | |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Present | Absent |
| Number of chromosomes | More than one | One--but not true chromosome: Plasmids |
| Cell Type | Usually multicellular | Usually unicellular (some cyanobacteria may be multicellular) |
| True Membrane bound Nucleus | Present | Absent |
| Example | Animals and Plants | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Genetic Recombination | Meiosis and fusion of gametes | Partial, undirectional transfers DNA |
| Lysosomes and peroxisomes | Present | Absent |
| Microtubules | Present | Absent or rare |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Present | Absent |
| Mitochondria | Present | Absent |
| Cytoskeleton | Present | May be absent |
| DNA wrapping on proteins. | Eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones. | Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA. Folded DNA is then organized into a variety of conformations that are supercoiled and wound around tetramers of the HU protein. |
| Ribosomes | larger | smaller |
| Vesicles | Present | Present |
| Golgi apparatus | Present | Absent |
| Chloroplasts | Present (in plants) | Absent; chlorophyll scattered in the cytoplasm |
| Flagella | Microscopic in size; membrane bound; usually arranged as nine doublets surrounding two singlets | Submicroscopic in size, composed of only one fiber |
| Permeability of Nuclear Membrane | Selective | not present |
| Plasma membrane with steroid | Yes | Usually no |
| Cell wall | Only in plant cells and fungi (chemically simpler) | Usually chemically complexed |
| Vacuoles | Present | Present |
| Cell size | 10-100um | 1-10um Source:https://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_vs_Prokaryotic_Cell |
No comments:
Post a Comment